Oil & Gas Litigation Analysis

Title Disputes

Title Disputes

Eastland Court Reverses Title Judgment Where Trespass-to-Try-Title Pleadings Failed to Support Award of Nonpossessory Royalty Interests

Joel Reese | Jul 20, 2026

Devon Energy's interpleader action to resolve competing royalty claims stemming from two deeds executed in one order but recorded in reverse order resulted in a final judgment that the Eastland Court of Appeals reversed for failure to support the judgment with proper pleadings. The Court held that the trial court's award of title to nonpossessory royalty interests was not supported by the successors' pleadings, which primarily relied on trespass-to-try-title claims rather than declaratory relief.

Royalty Owner Title Disputes Trespass-to-Try-Title Declaratory Judgment Nonpossessory Interests
Title Disputes

Alpine Summit: Bankruptcy Court Applies § 544(a)(3) Strong-Arm Powers to Unrecorded Nominee Agreement Over Webb and Fayette County Oil and Gas Interests

Joel Reese | Jul 20, 2026

A Texas partnership claiming economic benefits from a 16.3446% working interest in Webb County and Fayette County wells through a nominee agreement lost critical ground when the bankruptcy court ruled that even if the nominee agreement created an express trust granting an equitable interest in the subject properties, that interest is avoidable under 11 U.S.C. § 544(a)(3). The court's ruling turned on the undisputed fact that no assignment of the subject properties to the partnership was recorded in real property records, allowing the GUC Trustee to exercise strong-arm powers as a hypothetical bona fide purchaser.

Working Interest Title Disputes Bankruptcy Nominee Agreement Strong-Arm Powers
Title Disputes

Texas Fourth Court Resolves Century-Old Deed Ambiguity: Fixed NPRI vs. Floating Mineral Interest in Webb County Ranch

Joel Reese | Jul 20, 2026

The Fourth Court of Appeals affirmed summary judgment construing a 1937 Webb County ranch deed reservation as a 1/32 non-executive mineral interest with floating royalty (1/32 of the 1/6 lease royalty), rejecting the Esperanza Successors' claim to a fixed 1/32 NPRI despite decades of operator payment practices treating it as fixed royalty. The court rejected presumed-grant doctrine arguments and equitable defenses including laches and quasi-estoppel, holding that the deed's express language—reserving "an undivided One-Thirty-second (1/32) of all oil, gas and other minerals"—unambiguously created a mineral interest rather than a non-participating royalty interest.

Presumed-Grant Doctrine Mineral Interest Title Disputes NPRI Webb County
Title Disputes

Beaumont Court Affirms Rule 91a Dismissal of Pro Se Plaintiff's Claims Based on Expired 1950 Oil and Gas Lease

Joel Reese | Jul 20, 2026

The Beaumont Court of Appeals affirmed dismissal under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 91a of a pro se plaintiff's fourteen causes of action—including trespass to try title, conversion, theft, and breach of implied covenants—all premised on claimed rights under an oil and gas lease that expired in 1955. McQueen had previously litigated similar claims against the operators in 2017, resulting in summary judgment against him, and had been subject to a permanent injunction since 2014 prohibiting him from approaching within ten yards of any well.

Title Disputes Texas Court of Appeals Rule 91a Pro Se Litigation Expired Lease
Title Disputes

Sixth Court Reverses Summary Judgment in Tax Foreclosure Dispute Over Sheriff's Deed Ambiguity in Harrison County Mineral Interests

Joel Reese | Jul 20, 2026

The Texarkana Court of Appeals reversed a trial court's summary judgment that barred claims under the Texas Tax Code statute of limitations, finding genuine issues of material fact regarding whether a Sheriff's Deed following a $4,500 tax foreclosure sale conveyed only wellbore-specific royalty interests in three pooled units or broader mineral interests across seven Harrison County tracts. Appellants Obra J. Moore, III and affiliated entities argued the deed conveyed interests limited to specific API-numbered wells in the Minnie Bell Gas Unit, A.G. Birdwell Gas Unit, and J. Johnson A-1 Unit, while appellee 1789 Minerals Fund I, LP claimed broader mineral estate ownership through its chain of title from tax sale purchaser Regina Roberts.

Title Disputes Tax Foreclosure Sheriff's Deed Mineral Severance Harrison County
Title Disputes

Beaumont Court Affirms Private Ownership of Subsidence-Submerged Land Over State's Presumptive Title Claim

Joel Reese | Jul 20, 2026

The Texas Ninth Court of Appeals affirmed a trial court's determination that Edwin Arnaud, Inc. retained title to land submerged by oil and gas production at the Rose City Oil Field, rejecting the General Land Office's claim of presumptive state ownership based on expert testimony establishing six-and-a-half feet of subsidence caused solely by hydrocarbon withdrawal. The decision turned on whether subsidence from mineral production constituted an exception to Texas's presumptive ownership of submerged lands, with the court crediting expert geological and surveying testimony that excluded erosion, sea level rise, and tectonic movement as substantial contributing factors.

Gulf Coast Title Disputes Texas General Land Office Subsidence Submerged Lands
Title Disputes

Texas Supreme Court Defines Unauthorized Practice of Law for Title Companies: Hexter Title Establishes Boundaries for Abstract and Title Insurance Services

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Texas Supreme Court held that a title and abstract company engaged in unauthorized practice of law when it drew deeds, notes, mortgages and releases, furnished opinions on titles to real estate, and advised interested persons on legal effect of instruments for consideration. The Court rejected defenses that the company acted as agent for a title insurer, employed licensed attorneys, or made no direct charge for legal services.

Texas Supreme Court Title Disputes Unauthorized Practice of Law Title Insurance Mineral Conveyances
Title Disputes

Eastland Court Reverses Title Judgment Based on Trespass-to-Try-Title Pleading Defects for Nonpossessory Mineral Interests

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Eastland Court of Appeals reversed and remanded a trial court's final judgment in a complex royalty interest dispute, holding that the judgment was not supported by the pleadings of the successors to a later-recorded deed who had asserted only trespass-to-try-title claims. The decision arose from an interpleader action involving competing claims to royalty interests in Glasscock County property, all tracing back to a common predecessor-in-interest who executed two deeds conveying overlapping interests but recorded them in the opposite order.

Royalty Owner Mineral Interest Title Disputes Trespass-to-Try-Title Declaratory Judgment
Title Disputes

Texas Appellate Court Affirms Partition in Kind Under Uniform Partition of Heirs' Property Act Despite Unclean Hands and Easement Claims

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Texarkana Court of Appeals affirmed a partition in kind of 162.44 acres in Panola County after co-tenants Evans and Rossi acquired undivided one-third interests from the appellant's sisters and sought partition under the Uniform Partition of Heirs' Property Act, with the property valued at $605,619.00 based on a $570,000.00 land appraisal and $35,619.00 timber valuation. Atkinson, appearing pro se after three counsel withdrew, challenged the partition on unclean hands grounds related to an alleged unauthorized $37,000 Silver Hill Energy Partners pipeline easement, but failed to preserve the issue or introduce alternate valuation evidence.

Pipeline Easement Partition Uniform Partition of Heirs' Property Act Co-Tenancy Texas Property Code
Title Disputes

Texas Supreme Court Overrules Mapco, Holds Surface Estate Owns Salt Cavern Storage Rights Absent Express Agreement

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Texas Supreme Court overruled Mapco, Inc. v. Carter and held that the surface estate owner, not the mineral estate owner, owns possessory rights to subsurface cavern space created by salt extraction, rejecting the mineral owner's claim to use salt caverns for hydrocarbon storage produced off-site. The Court also ruled as a matter of first impression that the deed reserved an in-kind royalty, entitling the surface owner to receive one-eighth of the salt brine produced rather than monetary payment.

Texas Supreme Court Mineral Servitude Surface Damage Salt Dome Subsurface Storage Rights
Title Disputes

Corporate Practice of Law Doctrine Applied to Title Companies Preparing Conveyancing Documents

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Jefferson County Bar sought to enjoin Stewart Abstract Company and Stewart Title Guaranty Company from preparing mortgages, mechanic's liens, and notes in connection with FHA loans and from furnishing title opinions to third parties for compensation. The Beaumont appellate court held that these activities constituted the unauthorized practice of law, establishing that corporations cannot engage in such practices even when supervised by the state board of insurance commissioners.

Title Disputes Unauthorized Practice of Law Conveyancing Title Insurance Corporate Practice Doctrine
Title Disputes

Post-Execution Mineral Reservation Invalidated: O'Neal v. Ball and the Limits of Deed Alteration

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

Church trustees successfully challenged a mineral reservation that the grantor inserted into a deed after the notarial certificate showed he had already executed and acknowledged the instrument on April 20, 1953. The Court of Civil Appeals held that the grantor could not validly add the reservation post-execution and that the trustees' failure to discover the fraudulent insertion for six years was excused under the four-year statute of limitations where the deed was never physically delivered but remained with the abstract company.

Texas Statute of Limitations Mineral Reservation Deed Alteration Fraudulent Conveyance
Title Disputes

Rattikin Title Co. and the Unauthorized Practice of Law: Limits on Title Company Document Preparation in Oil & Gas Transactions

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Fort Worth Court of Civil Appeals affirmed a temporary injunction against Rattikin Title Company, holding that when the title company prepared legal instruments for third parties in transactions where it had no interest and gave advice regarding the purpose and effect of legal instruments to non-principals, it engaged in the unauthorized practice of law. The court distinguished permissible activities performed for the title company's principal, Kansas City Title Insurance Company, from impermissible legal services provided to third parties for consideration.

Texas Title Disputes Unauthorized Practice of Law Title Insurance Document Preparation
Title Disputes

Eastland Court Reverses Enforcement of Mediated Settlement Agreement Over Ambiguous JOA Terms

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Eastland Court of Appeals reversed summary judgment enforcing a mediated settlement agreement in a mineral interest title dispute, holding that ambiguities in the MSA precluded enforcement where the parties disputed whether one party could unilaterally populate unresolved terms in model form joint operating agreements. The court further held that Rustic Natural Resources was not bound by specific JOA terms tendered by DE Midland and Endeavor Energy because the MSA did not include specific JOA terms and did not authorize either party to unilaterally complete or select options in the model JOA form.

Joint Operating Agreement Title Disputes Midland County Mediated Settlement Agreement Contract Ambiguity
Title Disputes

Seventh Court Bars Riparian Landowners' Inverse Condemnation Claims on Statute of Limitations Grounds in Canadian River Reliction Dispute

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Amarillo Court of Appeals reversed a trial court judgment awarding damages to riparian landowners who alleged the State of Texas unconstitutionally took their oil and gas interests beneath a six-mile stretch of Canadian River riverbed exposed by reliction following the 1965 Sanford Dam construction. The court held that landowners could not aggregate their combined acreage to avoid the ten-year adverse possession statute of limitations applied by analogy to inverse condemnation claims, and that no individual landowner presented evidence of a taking exceeding 160 acres.

Inverse Condemnation Riverbed Minerals Statute of Limitations Canadian River Reliction Texas General Land Office
Title Disputes

Austin Court of Appeals Affirms TCPA Dismissal of Operator's Claims Against Competitor Seeking Top Leases in Bastrop County

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Austin Court of Appeals affirmed dismissal under the Texas Citizens Participation Act of Trivista Oil Company's tortious interference, trespass to try title, and declaratory judgment claims against Fort Apache Energy, which had contacted landowners holding existing bottom leases with Trivista to convince them to sign top leases or terminate their existing agreements. The court held that Fort Apache's communications with landowners were in connection with a matter of public concern under the TCPA, and that the commercial-speech exemption did not apply to preclude dismissal.

Texas Railroad Commission Trespass-to-Try-Title TCPA Top Lease Tortious Interference
Title Disputes

Eastland Court Affirms TCPA Dismissal of Slander-of-Title Claim Based on Railroad Commission Drilling Permit Applications

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Eastland Court of Appeals affirmed dismissal under the Texas Citizens Participation Act of Horizontal Development Partners' slander-of-title claim against Endeavor Energy Resources, holding that statements in drilling permit applications to the Texas Railroad Commission constituted protected petitioning activity. The court found Horizontal failed to produce clear and specific evidence that Endeavor falsely claimed ownership of deep rights or acted with malice when completing permit applications.

Railroad Commission TCPA Slander of Title Drilling Permits Midland County
Title Disputes

Beaumont Court Affirms Denial of Anti-SLAPP Motion in TUFTA-Based Fraudulent Transfer Litigation

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Beaumont Court of Appeals affirmed denial of a TCPA motion to dismiss in litigation arising from a 2022 TUFTA petition alleging over $4 million in fraudulent intercompany transfers by Short OG III, Ltd. and its affiliates to render the entity insolvent. The appellants argued their TUFTA petition constituted protected communications in judicial proceedings, but the court found the subsequent 2024 claims for tortious interference, abuse of process, and civil conspiracy were not subject to anti-SLAPP dismissal.

Title Disputes TUFTA Texas Citizens Participation Act Fraudulent Transfer Abuse of Process
Title Disputes

Eighth Court Holds Post-Closing Corrective Assignments Unenforceable Against BFP in Reeves County Overriding Royalty Dispute

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

In a Reeves County dispute involving 24 oil and gas leases, the El Paso Court of Appeals reversed summary judgment for KWF Enterprises, holding that corrected overriding royalty interest assignments executed in November 2017—which increased KWF's interest from 65% to 100% of KEW Drilling's extra up-to-5% interest—were unenforceable against Callon. The corrected assignments, executed after Callon recorded its interest in August 2017, purported to remedy "scrivener's error and inadvertence" by replacing the 65% allocation in the original pre-closing assignments with 100%, directly impacting Callon's net revenue interest under purchase agreements requiring a "Designated NRI" of 75%.

Overriding Royalty Interest Reeves County Bona Fide Purchaser Scrivener's Error Net Revenue Interest
Title Disputes

Eastland Court Holds Deed of Trust Excluded Mineral Estate Based on Partition Deed and Express Reservation Language

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Eastland Court of Appeals affirmed summary judgment that a deed of trust securing a loan unambiguously excluded the mineral estate where the legal description stated "surface rights only" and was subject to "all outstanding oil, gas, and other minerals." The court applied the rule that specific provisions control over general boilerplate language, holding that Exhibit A's express limitations prevailed over the preprinted form's broad conveyance language.

Mineral Estate Texas Court of Appeals Executive Rights Deed of Trust Partition Deed
Title Disputes

Eastland Court Clarifies Property Description Requirements and Depth Limitation Construction in ORRI Assignment Dispute

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Eastland Court of Appeals affirmed partial summary judgment in a multi-party dispute over overriding royalty interests, holding that an assignment's property description exhibit satisfied statute of frauds requirements despite omitting explicit lease listings and that depth limitations in the "leases covering" section applied only to specifically identified leases listed there. The court rejected arguments that missing instruments or property description exhibits rendered the ORRI assignment incomplete or unenforceable, finding that the exhibit did not narrow or limit the broad granting language contained in the assignment itself.

Title Disputes Statute of Frauds ORRI Property Description Depth Limitations
Title Disputes

El Paso Court of Appeals Construes 1950 Mineral Deed Reservation: Non-Participating Royalty Interest vs. Stripped Mineral Interest

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The El Paso Court of Appeals resolved competing summary judgment motions concerning a 1950 Brazos County mineral deed containing internally inconsistent reservation language—expressly reserving a 1/32 interest in minerals to each grantor while excluding bonus and rentals, yet concluding with language reserving "a one-fourth non-participating interest in the customary one-eighth royalty." The court held that each grantor reserved a 1/4 mineral interest stripped of all rights except the right to royalty payments equal to 1/4 of the lease royalty, harmonizing the deed's contradictory provisions through application of the four-corners rule.

Texas Supreme Court Non-Participating Royalty Interest Title Disputes Mineral Deed Construction Reservation Clause
Title Disputes

Texas Supreme Court Rebuts Double-Fraction Presumption in 1951 Mineral Deed, Holds 1/128 Interest Fixed Despite Van Dyke Framework

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Texas Supreme Court reversed the El Paso Court of Appeals, holding that a 1951 deed's language "1/128 (1/16 of the usual 1/8 royalty)" conveyed a fixed 1/128 mineral interest rather than a floating 1/16 royalty interest, finding the deed's text rebutted the Van Dyke presumption that "⅛" in a double fraction refers to the entire mineral estate. The Court emphasized that the granting clause, present-lease clause, and future-lease clause all consistently referenced 1/128, with the parenthetical merely explaining the arithmetic calculation rather than creating an independent floating interest.

Royalty Interest Texas Supreme Court Double-Fraction Mineral Deed Interpretation Van Dyke Presumption
Title Disputes

Alcott v. 1893 Oil and Gas: Statute of Frauds Bars Mineral Interest Claim Based on Ambiguous 1922 Deed Description

Joel Reese | Jul 06, 2026

The Corpus Christi Court of Appeals affirmed summary judgment against heirs claiming mineral interests in Live Oak County acreage under a 1922 deed that purported to convey mineral rights across 2,092.08 acres, where the grantor never held title to the entire tract. The appellants challenged both the denial of their summary judgment motion and the grant of summary judgment to the mineral interest holders who acquired rights through subsequent special warranty deeds.

Title Disputes Statute of Frauds Mineral Deed Chain of Title Texas Court of Appeals
Title Disputes

Texas Supreme Court Overturns Decades of Precedent on Subject Matter Jurisdiction Over Foreign Mineral Rights

Joel Reese | Jun 02, 2026

The Texas Supreme Court reversed the Fort Worth Court of Appeals and disapproved six prior decisions, holding that Texas courts have subject matter jurisdiction over in personam claims involving West Virginia mineral rights where the defendant is subject to personal jurisdiction in Texas. The Court rejected the 'gist of the action' test that had barred Texas courts from adjudicating disputes where title to foreign property was central to the claims.